OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) refers to a company that produces components or products that are used in another company’s end products. In electrical and power industries, OEMs manufacture switchgear, transformers, circuit breakers, motors, and other equipment that are integrated into larger systems. OEMs provide high-quality, standardized products, ensuring compatibility, reliability, and compliance with industry standards. They often work closely with system integrators and service providers to support installation, maintenance, and upgrades in industrial, commercial, and utility applications.

Ohm (Ω) is the unit of electrical resistance, named after Georg Simon Ohm. It represents the opposition to the flow of electric current in a conductor. According to Ohm’s Law: V = I × R Where V is voltage (volts), I is current (amperes), and R is resistance (ohms). Higher resistance reduces current flow, while lower resistance allows more current to pass. Materials with high resistance (like rubber) are insulators, whereas low-resistance materials (like copper) are good conductors.

Optimization in electrical and power systems refers to the process of improving efficiency, reliability, and performance while minimizing costs, energy losses, or resource usage. It involves techniques such as load balancing, power factor correction, grid automation, and renewable energy integration. Optimization can be applied in power generation, transmission, and distribution to enhance system stability and reduce operational expenses. Advanced methods, like AI-based predictive analytics and smart grid technologies, help optimize energy consumption, reduce outages, and improve overall system efficiency.

Overcharge refers to the condition where a battery continues to receive electrical charge beyond its full capacity. This can lead to excess heat, electrolyte loss, reduced lifespan, and potential safety hazards like thermal runaway or explosion. Overcharging is particularly critical in lead-acid, lithium-ion, and nickel-based batteries. To prevent overcharge, battery management systems (BMS), charge controllers, and regulated power supplies are used to monitor voltage levels and cut off excess charging, ensuring safe and efficient battery operation.