Thyristor is a semiconductor switching device used for controlling high-voltage and high-power applications. It acts as a latchable switch, remaining on once triggered until the current drops below a threshold. Key types of thyristors include: - SCR (Silicon-Controlled Rectifier): Common for AC and DC control. - GTO (Gate Turn-Off Thyristor): Can be turned off using a gate signal. - Triac: Used for AC switching in dimmers and motor speed controls. Thyristors are widely used in power electronics, motor drives, and HVDC systems.

Traction in electrical engineering refers to the use of electric power to drive vehicles, primarily in railways, trams, and electric buses. It involves electric traction motors powered by sources such as overhead lines, third rails, or onboard batteries.

Transducer is a device that converts one form of energy into another, commonly used in measuring, sensing, and control applications. Types of transducers: - Electrical Transducers: Convert physical quantities (temperature, pressure, sound) into electrical signals. - Mechanical Transducers: Convert force or motion into another mechanical form. - Optical Transducers: Convert light into electrical signals, such as in photodiodes. Transducers are widely used in automation, industrial control, medical devices, and communication systems to enable accurate data measurement and processing.

Transformer is an electrical device that transfers electrical energy between circuits through electromagnetic induction. It operates on AC voltage and is used to step up (increase) or step down (decrease) voltage levels without changing frequency.